Last month was the second hottest November on RECORD: Global average temperatures hit 14.10°C – and scientists are ‘effectively certain’ that 2024 is going to be the warmest year ever

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Last month was officially the second hottest November on record. 

That’s according to the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), which has revealed that global average temperatures hit a balmy 14.10°C. 

That’s just 0.12°C short of November 2023, which was the hottest November on record. 

It’s also 0.73°C above the 1991-2020 average for November.

The news will probably come as a surprise to many Britons, who faced storms, snow, and heavy rain towards the end of last month.  

However, based on the findings, scientists say that 2024 is now ‘virtually certain’ to be the hottest year on record. 

‘With Copernicus data in from the penultimate month of the year, we can now confirm with virtual certainty that 2024 will be the warmest year on record and the first calendar year above 1.5°C,’ said Samantha Burgess, Deputy Director of C3S. 

‘This does not mean that the Paris Agreement has been breached, but it does mean ambitious climate action is more urgent than ever.’

Last month was officially the second hottest November on record. That’s according to the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), which has revealed that global average temperatures hit a balmy 14.10°C

Based on the findings, scientists say that 2024 is not 'virtually certain' to be the hottest year on record. Pictured: Sydney beach on November 27

Based on the findings, scientists say that 2024 is not ‘virtually certain’ to be the hottest year on record. Pictured: Sydney beach on November 27

CS3 takes billions of measurements from satellites, ships, aircraft, and weather stations around the world. 

This allows it to track the global surface air and sea temperatures, sea ice cover, and hydrological variables. 

Its recordings confirm that November 2024 was the second-warmest November globally, coming in at 1.62°C above the pre-industrial level. 

It was also the 16th month in a 17-month period for which the global-average surface air temperature exceeded 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. 

The year-to-date global average temperature is currently 0.72°C above the 1991-2020 average, which is the highest on record for this period and 0.14°C warmer than the same period in 2023. 

At this point, CS3 says that it’s ‘effectively certain’ that 2024 is going to be the warmest year on record. 

In Europe, it was a very different story. 

The average temperature for November 2024 5.14°C, which leaves it outside the top 10 warmest Novembers on record for Europe. 

November 2024 was the second-warmest November globally, coming in at 1.62°C above the pre-industrial level

November 2024 was the second-warmest November globally, coming in at 1.62°C above the pre-industrial level

At this point, CS3 says that it's 'effectively certain' that 2024 is going to be the warmest year on record

At this point, CS3 says that it’s ‘effectively certain’ that 2024 is going to be the warmest year on record

Temperatures were most above-average over eastern Canada and the central and eastern USA, most of Mexico, Morocco, northwest Africa, China, Pakistan, most of Siberia, and Australia. Pictured: a wilfire in New York on November 16

Temperatures were most above-average over eastern Canada and the central and eastern USA, most of Mexico, Morocco, northwest Africa, China, Pakistan, most of Siberia, and Australia. Pictured: a wilfire in New York on November 16

However, outside of Europe, temperatures were most above-average over eastern Canada and the central and eastern USA, most of Mexico, Morocco, northwest Africa, China, Pakistan, most of Siberia, and Australia.

C3S also tracks the sea surface temperature, and found that this was 20.58°C. 

This makes it the second-highest value on record for the month, second only to November 2023. 

Finally, C3S’s recordings reveal that Arctic sea ice reached its third lowest monthly extent for November, at nine per cent below average. 

Meanwhile, down at the South Pole, Antarctica’s sea ice extent reached its lowest monthly value for November, at 10 per cent below average. 

The report comes shorty after scientists warned that the Arctic could be ice-free in just three years. 

Using 300 computer simulations, scientists predicted that the Arctic’s first ice-free day is guaranteed to occur within nine to 20 years regardless of how humans alter their greenhouse gas emissions.

However, nine out of the 300 simulations suggested that an ice-free day could occur as soon as three years’ time, regardless of how humans act from now. 

Study author Dr Céline Heuzé said: ‘Globally, the Arctic sea ice plays a crucial role in controlling the climate by sending back sunlight to space.

‘When we lose this white surface and instead are left with the dark ocean, the energy from the sun stays with us, is absorbed by the ocean, and results in even more global warming.’

SEA LEVELS COULD RISE BY UP TO 4 FEET BY THE YEAR 2300

Global sea levels could rise as much as 1.2 metres (4 feet) by 2300 even if we meet the 2015 Paris climate goals, scientists have warned.

The long-term change will be driven by a thaw of ice from Greenland to Antarctica that is set to re-draw global coastlines.

Sea level rise threatens cities from Shanghai to London, to low-lying swathes of Florida or Bangladesh, and to entire nations such as the Maldives.

It is vital that we curb emissions as soon as possible to avoid an even greater rise, a German-led team of researchers said in a new report.

By 2300, the report projected that sea levels would gain by 0.7-1.2 metres, even if almost 200 nations fully meet goals under the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Targets set by the accords include cutting greenhouse gas emissions to net zero in the second half of this century.

Ocean levels will rise inexorably because heat-trapping industrial gases already emitted will linger in the atmosphere, melting more ice, it said.

In addition, water naturally expands as it warms above four degrees Celsius (39.2°F).

Every five years of delay beyond 2020 in peaking global emissions would mean an extra 8 inches (20 centimetres) of sea level rise by 2300.

‘Sea level is often communicated as a really slow process that you can’t do much about … but the next 30 years really matter,’ said lead author Dr Matthias Mengel, of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, in Potsdam, Germany.

None of the nearly 200 governments to sign the Paris Accords are on track to meet its pledges.

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